Formation of hexagonal and cubic ice during low-temperature growth.

Formation and stability of cubic ice in water droplets.

There is growing evidence that a metastable phase of ice, cubic ice, plays an important role in the Earth's troposphere and stratosphere. Cubic ice may also be important in diverse fields such as cryobiology and planetary sciences. Using X-ray diffraction, we studied the formation of cubic ice in pure water droplets suspended in an oil matrix as a function of droplet size. The results show that...

Freezing Properties of Disaccharide Solutions: Inhibition of Hexagonal Ice Crystal Growth and Formation of Cubic Ice

High temperature behavior of arc evaporated ZrAlN and TiAlN thin films

Hard coatings can extend the life time of a tool substantially and enable higher cutting speeds which increase the productivity in the cutting application. The aim with this thesis is to extend the understanding on how the microstructure and mechanical properties are affected by high temperatures similar to what a cutting tool can reach during operation. Thin films of ZrAlN and TiAlN have been ...

Pathways through Equilibrated States with Coexisting Phases for Gas Hydrate Formation.

Under ambient conditions, water freezes to either hexagonal ice or a hexagonal/cubic composite ice. The presence of hydrophobic guest molecules introduces a competing pathway: gas hydrate formation, with the guests in clathrate cages. Here, the pathways of the phase transitions are sought as sequences of states with coexisting phases, using a generalized replica exchange algorithm designed to s...

Proton Ordering of Cubic Ice Ic: Spectroscopy and Computer Simulations

Several proton-disordered crystalline ice structures are known to proton order at sufficiently low temperatures, provided that the right preparation procedure is used. For cubic ice, ice Ic, however, no proton ordering has been observed so far. Here, we subject ice Ic to an experimental protocol similar to that used to proton order hexagonal ice. In situ FT-IR spectroscopy carried out during th...